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This open-access systematic literature review, published in Frontiers in Education, synthesizes current research on HyFlex (Hybrid-Flexible) course models in higher education — a format in which students choose, session by session, whether to attend in person, join synchronously online, or engage asynchronously. The review draws on studies from across institutional contexts to examine how this radical flexibility affects student engagement, attendance, and learning outcomes. Rather than advocating for one modality over another, the authors investigate what conditions make flexible course designs succeed or fail, and the findings challenge some widely held assumptions about what students actually do when given a choice.